How art improves our lives :: Essays Papers

How art improves our lives Art is a deliberate recreation of a new and special reality that grows from one’s response to life. It improves our existence by enhancing, changing and perpetuating our cultural composition. â€Å"The great artist knows how to impose their particular illusion on the rest of mankind,† proclaimed Guy de Mauspassant. Art improves our lives by directly and indirectly lift the morale of individuals, creating unity and social solidarity. Art creates awareness of social issues. Art may express and reflect the religious, political, and economical aspects of cultures. Art is and can be what ever a culture says it is or what ever they want it to be. It involves all people, those who conceive the idea of the work, execute it, provide necessary equipment and materials, and people who make up the audience for the work. Art forms as diverse as architecture, body decoration, clothing manufacture, and memorial sculptures reflect social status. Art echoes the natural world. It gives order to the world and intensity to human life. Art is a means of communion as well as communication. It provides pleasurable experiences along with cerebral wealth. Art also helps us to express our sentimental relations. It can beautify, surprise, inspire, stimulate imagination, inform, tell stories, and record history. As someone once said, â€Å"Art is life.† Therefore, as teachers, it is our jobs to teach students about life through art. We must have a penetrating comprehension ourselves of how art affects our society in order to teach our students to comprehend the complex purposes of art. We must be aware of the global culture and heritage from which art emerges. For example when teaching our students art aesthetics, we must never let them think that there is only one way to view art. Students, and especially teachers, should be acceptable to all ways in which art evaluation can occur. Western aesthetics is based primarily on individuality, originality, permanence, and form. These factors cannot be applied to art from every culture. For example, African art is understood in terms of rites of passage, healing, power, control, and commerce. Students must be taught to understand the principles of art as they are understood by the cultural group in which they belong in order to truly achieve global awareness and appreciation for art. Obvio usly, teachers must gain this awareness themselves before they can impart it to their students. Travel, physically or intellectually, is necessary for teachers who truly aspire to instill a devotion to open-mindedness and tolerance in their students.

Bata Shoes Ltd Case study Essay

how has Bata interacted with foreign political systems Question 1 Following the First world War the Austro-Hungarian empire was fragmented into Austria, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Romania and Yugoslavia. During this period the Czechoslovakian state was conceived as a parliamentary democracy, with the constitution of 1920 giving the central government a high degree of control over local government. Czechoslovakia, in particular, saw rapid economic growth during the 1920 brought about by foreign investment and advances in manufacturing technology. The country proved particularly tempting for foreign investors such as the British, French, Belgian and Dutch due to low labour costs and readily available natural resources. Only in the shoe industry the foreign capital played no important role. Thanks to a monopoly position of Bata Works Czechoslovakia held the first place among the world’s leading shoe exporters in 1930’s after overtaking Great Britain and the USA. In 1938 interference by Hitler resulted in the old Slovak and Ruthenian demands for autonomy finally been granted. Czechoslovakia was deprived of one third of its territory containing some of its most important industrial centres and most fertile farm-land, leaving the country economically crippled. Following this Bata realised his business did not have good future prospects if it were to remain in Czechoslovakia. He sought to continue operations and preserve the business by moving to Canada as the country was viewed as a safer operating environment, both economically and politically. Bata move to Canada, along with one hundred of his staff and families, would see the company and its workers having to adapt to operations in a different political system to Czechoslovakia, the first of many adaptations they would have to make as the company expanded across the globe. The relocation in Canada was a big change for Bata, as the government there gives significant political power to the provinces which each have their own  trade barriers. This is a big contrast to Czechoslovakia, where the central government has great power over the provinces. However, Canada was seen as very politically and economically stable in comparison to Czechoslovakia despite the political differences mentioned above. With operations in over 60 countries across the world, Bata Limited runs as a decentralised operation in order to allow its managers to adjust operating procedures to local environments. However tight control of Bata’s core philosophies and strategies are in place, even though these may be different from that of the country the operation is in and the managers and workers employed there. This could potentially cause problems if pursued too rigorously. However, the text states that Bata does interact with foreign political systems with Thomas G. Bata travelling extensively to check on quality control and to ensure good relations with the governments of the countries in which Bata operates. This interaction is particularly important as I feel Bata offers a number of key benefits to many of the countries it chooses to invest in such as increased economic stability due to their labour intensive operations and policy of purchasing materials locally. The countries Bata operates in vary in the amount of political and economic freedom they offer to their citizens and companies operating there. The case states that Bata does not won 100 percent of the factories it has in some countries. It appears that Bata prefer to own 100 percent of their factories, but are willing to compromise if the political situation requires. This includes taking minority ownership, or in some cases providing licensing, consulting and technical assistance where it does not have an equity interest in a country. Bata seem to work this policy well as they have the flexibility to cope with these different operating environments. I believe this is a sensible policy as it allows Bata intrusion into markets that may become freer and more prosperous in the future. Bata serves its markets by producing in each market all it will sell there. It will buy raw materials locally and achieves economies of scale due to its processes being very labour intensive. One may suggest that the lack of  exports would make Bata a less attractive prospect for the host countries as little outside money is feeding into the economy. However, since operations are labour intensive there will be a great benefit from the job opportunities created. The main issue that causes problems to arise in some countries is if raw materials are imported into the countries in question rather than being brought locally. In such cases the case states that Bata â€Å"must adjust to local laws and requirements for operation†. However, by normally buying raw materials within the countries Bata operates in it appears to work well with the governments concerned. The main driving force behind Bata choosing not to export goods is the security that operating domestically brings, such as the avoidance of problems associated with exporting like if an importing country were to restrict trade. Bata obviously feels that stability is of key importance to its strategy, particularly in many of the less economically developed areas in which it operates. In these countries there are not the laws to protect workers rights and safeguard income in times of unemployment, so if a factory were to close the effect would be very hard hitting to the workers and would potentially ruin Bata’s political relations permanently. Bata operates in countries with varying degrees of freedom. Tom Bata Snr. prefers to operate in democratic countries as these offer the chance to discuss issues, whereas totalitarian regimes do not. However, Bata have still operated under some Totalitarian regimes such as South Africa, Chile and Uganda. In Uganda Bata has had its operations nationalised and de-nationalised twice while operating under a violent and repressive regime that saw the expulsion of many skilled foreigners. Bata took the view that people would still need jobs and shoes whatever political system they were living under, a similar view that has been expressed recently by many people talking about Iraq. Therefore operations would continue. Bata benefited as the way it operated fitted in with the Ugandan governments policy of becoming more self sufficient, rather than relying on imports. This is because Bata obtained its raw materials from with the country and offered the stability of selling  in their home market. Bata also helped the government with a second policy that aimed to promote links between agriculture and industry, with the raw materials coming from rural areas. The continued presence of Bata in Uganda, despite the expulsion of many foreign workers, reinforces its faith in local workforce, which in turn helped build trust. By fitting in with these policies Bata was able to operate in Uganda while many other companies were forced to leave, and benefit from a 98% share of the shoe market. Bata followed a similar model in Chile where Pinochet ruled the country for a period of time while the company operated there. Again Bata saw no need to leave to country as it viewed its investment there to be long term, in which time various political systems would come and go, but people would always need jobs and shoes. Many of the benefits offered by Bata to Uganda were also of benefit to the Chilean government and people. The regimes in both Uganda and Penochet Chile both suffered from poor human rights records. Bata was therefore put under some pressure to withdraw from these countries by various parties including governments and international organisations. However, Bata was always able to argue that it had been in the countries far longer than the regimes in place and had seen many come and go. Its simple reason for being there was the fact that people needed shoes, and it was in a good position of providing this basic need. South Africa caused far greater problems for Bata. Here the same type of extreme regime was seen as in countries such Uganda and Chile. The difference for Bata was that South Africa attracted far more public attention across the globe. The Canadian government took a very negative view of Canadian countries having interests in South Africa. Maybe more importantly public opinion and knowledge about the regime in South Africa were to have a big effect on the company. Bata possibly realised that if it continued to operate in South Africa it would risk alienating itself from its consumers in countries such as Canada and the US and set itself up for ridicule by the large number of international organisations opposed to apartheid. In this situation it was important for Bata to interact with the various political systems involved to withdraw operations from South Africa while causing minimum disruption. It sold its holding in South Africa in 1986. It did not identify the buyer or the sales price, and it denied that apartheid was the reason for its pulling out, citing that all factors had been taken into account with respect to its investment. Bata ensured that the Bata name and trademark could not be used by the buyer and that the jobs of the workers in its plants would be preserved. Why they now operate in Czech Rep, but not Slovakia. Question 2 Czechoslovakia has being subject to turbulent time in the period following World War II. With the advent of communist rule countries were often formed from different ethnic groups held together by totalitarian rule, as was the case here. The break-up of the communist bloc in 1989 resulted in the disintegration of countries such as Czechoslovakia, that would be split into two independent nations; The Czech Republic and Slovakia. The fact that both of these countries are now free from communist rule does not necessarily mean that they are free. Freedom House is an organisation that monitors the political rights and civil liberties of countries around the world and rank them to the degree that freedom exists. Below is a summary of the assessment they give to the Czech republic and Slovakia. Since 1972, Freedom House has published an annual assessment of state state of freedom by assigning each country and territory the status of â€Å"Free,† â€Å"Partly Free,† or â€Å"Not Free† by averaging their political rights and civil liberties ratings. Countries whose combined averages for political rights and for civil liberties fall between 1.0 and 2.5 are designated â€Å"free†; between 3.0 and 5.5. artly free? and between 5.5 and 7.0 ot free.? As we can see from the chart above, both countries are now considered politically free. However, economically Slovakia still lags behind the Czech Republic. It has being politically free for less time and lacks consistency in the freedom scores it achieves, suggesting that the political system may be subject to some instability. Bata express concern relating to Slovakia not being economically free in the case. As The Czech Republic is clearly further along in its progress to economic freedom than is Slovakia, Bata is likely to face considerably less government intervention in its business. Private property ownership and protection, property rights, and economic competition are likely to be more common in the Czech Republic making the operating environment more stable. In Slovakia, Bata is likely to face greater political risks. There is likely to be more political instability in Slovakia, usually an indicator that there is also a lack of economic freedom. It also appears from the case that Slovakia may not have a very positive attitude toward foreign investment, despite Bata roots in the region. Bata would benefit from investment in both the Czech republic and Slovakia. From a nostalgic point of view, Bata will be able to return to the home country. Bata will also gain access to large facilities and a huge market in Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union. The Czech Republic and Slovakia would also benefit from Bata’s investment themselves. They would gain access to Bata global design, production, and marketing expertise. They will be able to design better, more fashionable, and more reasonably priced shoes. The Czech Republic and Slovakia might be able to get Bata to invest significant capital into the plant to get it up to world-class standards. Bata will create new jobs for Czech and Slovakian workers, especially as the processes are quite labour intensive. Bata also has a policy of buying raw materials locally, benefiting the host countries economy as a whole. There are some disadvantages of investment for both parties too. Bata may be forced to pay compensation for its own plants if the company chooses to invest in Slovakia. There is also a slightly higher risk of political instability and economic restrictions in the country. There are also disadvantages for the countries involved. Bata may actually have better production processes than are currently employed in the Czech Republic and Slovakia. Therefore they may actually require less workers than are currently employed in the factories so workers would be made unemployed. Bata do not export goods so do not bring as much foreign capital into the country as maybe would be expected by a company of their size. Bata reentered the Czech Republic and not Slovakia because the two countries have very different economic environments. The Czech Republic is moving more quickly than Slovakia toward a free market system. Slovakia are also in dispute with Bata regarding the ownership of the companies former factories in the country. The Slovak government appear disinterested in helping to solve the problem by implementing new laws to make it very difficult for companies in the same situation as Bata to regain their former property without either reaching agreement with the new owners or by taking expensive  legal action. When looking at this evidence it looks advantageous for Bata not to seek to reinvest in Slovakia at present. Explain the current situation and relate to probable causes mentioned above The political environment can have a dramatic impact on the operations of a firm. For example managers in most western European countries may be accustomed to a stable political system and a relatively homogenous population. This is often not true in other countries. A political system integrates the parts of a society into a viable, functioning unit. Sometimes that is a very difficult task. A country political system influences how business is conducted domestically and internationally. The basic political ideologies of a country are the body of ideas, theories and aims that constitute a socio-political program. The ultimate test of any political system in its ability to hold a society together despite pressures from different ideologies tending to split it apart. History, culture, language, religion, geography and political ideologies help define national borders. Forms of government range from Democracy to Totalitarianism. Democracies usually have economic freedom and laws that safeguard individual and corporate rights and are often preferred by investors. The more developed democracies tend to have the following characteristics. Freedom in the areas of political rights and civil liberties are particularly important in democracies. These are measured by the organisation Freedom House using a number of indicating factors, and the results compiled to rank countries according to their degree of freedom. In 1998, 88 of the worlds countries were â€Å"free† and 50 were â€Å"not free†. Free countries are high in both political rights and civil liberties, whereas those countries who deny their citizens basic political rights and civil liberties are not free. In addition 53 countries were partly free, with limited political rights and civil liberties, often in the context of corruption, weak rule of law, ethnic strife or civil war. Despite the large proportion of countries claiming to operate democratic governments, many new democracies around the world are not yet stable with few political parties and corruption threatening the system’s survival. Examples include Indonesia and some countries from the former Soviet union. Businesses should be cautious when looking to invest in these areas. In contrast to democracies, totalitarian regimes offer far less political and economic freedom. Forms of totalitarianism include fascism (Mussolini Italy), authoritarianism (Chile under Pinochet), and communism. Communists believe in the equal distribution of wealth, which entails total government ownership and control of resources. Political systems have a great impact on management decisions. This includes political risk and government intervention in the economy. Political risk occurs when there is a possibility that the political climate in a foreign country will change in such a way that the operations of  international companies in that country will deteriorate. Types of political risk include government takeovers of property, operating restrictions, and agitation that damage the company performance. Such problems can be caused by changing opinions of political leadership, civil disorder, and changes in external relations (such as animosity between the home and host country governments. We can see many examples of the above in the Bata case. The companies operations were taken over in Czechoslovakia with the advent of communist rule. They are subject to operating restrictions in several countries where they are not allowed to have 100 percent ownership of their plants. Animosity between the home Canadian government and the South African host government during the Apartheid era was a contributing factor that lead to Bata’s eventual withdrawal from South Africa. Civil disorder and strike action has affected the companies operations in several countries over the years. Government intervention in the economy occurs because some governments adopt an ndividualistic paradigm?and keep intervention in the economy at a minimum. Others adopt a ommunitarian paradigm?wherein the government plays a larger role in the economy. They thrive on a respected, centralised bureaucracy with a stable political party or coalition in power. If a U.S. firm moves from the United States (individualistic) to Germany, Japan, or South Korea (communitarian), it may have to develop new strategies for its relationships with government, suppliers, customers, and competitors. Bata show evidence of adapting to different environments as the case states that the company is â€Å"run as a decentralised operation in which its managers are free to adjust operating procedures to local environments†. This highlights how the company acknowledge the need to be flexible in order to fit in under varying restrictions depending where in the world they are. Stable democracies are usually seen as the safest operating environment for businesses. In the Bata case Tom Bata Snr states that he prefers a democratic system â€Å"a democracy offers the potential to discuss and change proceedings, whereas under totalitarianism it is sometimes wisest to remain silent†. However, one must remember that not all democracies operate in the same way. For example the degree to which citizens are involved in the  political process and the degree of centralised control. In the case Bata relocate from Czechoslovakia to Canada. Here the provinces have significant political power at expense of the federal government. Many provinces have their own trade barriers. Companies often have difficulty determining how to operate in decentralised democratic systems because they face many different laws and regulations. For example different tax laws. For this reason one assumes that Bata carefully chose exactly which state it would relocate to when it moved to Canada. Bibliography ?Kurian, George Thomas 1992. Encyclopedia of the Third World, fourth edition, volume III, Facts on File: New York, N.Y., pp. 2009-2011. ?Source: Byrnes, Rita M. (ed.) 1992. Uganda A Country Study, Library of Congress: Washington D.C. p. 123 ?The history of Slovakia (1929 – 1938) From Wall Street Crash to Munich http://www.adc.sk/english/slovakia/index.htm ?Skilling H. G. ed.: Czechoslovakia 1918-88. MacMillan Academic and Professional LTD., 1991. ?J.D. Daniels and L.H. Radebaugh, International Business, Environment and Operations, 9th Edition – 2001, Prentice Hall. Ch 3 ?D. Holt and K. Wiggington, International Business, Second Edition ?2002, Harcourt College Publishers, Ch 3 ?Freedom House, http://www.freedomhouse.org/ ?R. Griffin and M. Pustay, International Business, A managerial perspective, Third Edition ?2002, Prentice Hall

History In Douglasss Memoir - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 716 Downloads: 4 Date added: 2019/05/29 Category Literature Essay Level High school Topics: Frederick Douglass Essay Did you like this example? In the memoir, Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave, by Frederick Douglass, Douglass uses historical information in the memoir. Douglass proves that his intended audience for the memoir are readers who have not experienced what it is like to live the life of a slave. Douglass also intends to have previous and current slaves become the audience of the memoir. Douglass uses the subject of civil and political rights for the memoir. First, Douglass presents historical information in his memoir. Douglass does this by including specific names, places, and events of what has occured in his life. He is able to describe the grueling and difficult life of slaves through his and others experiences. He then said to her, ?Now, you dd bh, Ill learn you how to disobey my orders! and after rolling up his sleeves, he commenced to lay on the heavy cowskin, and soon the warm, red blood (amid heartrending shrieks from her, and horrid oaths from him) came dripping to the floor (Douglass, 21). This quote shows the treatment that Douglassrs aunt and many other slaves had to endure. Douglass gives specific names of places, people, and actions hers encountered throughout his life. Also, Douglass includes other examples of slave cruelty, such as a man being shot and many other cruel whippings. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "History In Douglasss Memoir" essay for you Create order Second, Douglass confirms that the intended audience for the memoir are those who have not gone through what slaves have. Douglass also intends on giving slavers hope and inspiration. Douglass is able to do this by going into extended detail about his life as a slave. Douglass shows the horrible life of a slave by including details of slaves he knew being tortured and mistreated. Douglass informs the audience of how the slaves had to live, and the harsh tasks they had to do. Douglass also shows the tough and persistant way he worked to become an educated man with a voice. Douglass shows this by telling the readers how he learned to read and write. My mistress used to go to class meeting at the Wilk street meetinghouse every Monday afternoon, and leave me too take care of the house. When left thus, I used to spend the time in writing the spaces left in Master Thomasrs copy book, copying what he had written I continued to do this until I could write a hand very similar to that of Master Thomas. Thus, after a long, tedious effort for years, I finally succeeded in learning how to write (Douglass, 48). Douglass recalls the times of how himself and other slaves were treated unfairly. After Douglass tells the readers of the treatment he and others have endured he explains how he was able to sneakily take lessons from white boys and write from the books of his masters while they were away. Lastly, Douglass uses the subject of civil and political rights in the memoir. Douglass constantly tells the readers his thoughts and opinions as a young child in the memoir. An example of this is how he continues to state how he wishes to run away to find a better life no matter what challenges he faces. The barrier betwixt himself and brother he considered impassable. I then had to regret that I did not at least make the attempt to carry out my resolution to run away for the chances of success are tenfold greater from the city than from the country (Douglass, 53). Douglass states this when he was about to travel from Baltimore to St. Michaelrs. Douglass shows that he would want to attempt to escape despite what consequences he could encounter. He is willing to escape and endure the consequences just as long as in his trying he could possibly create better lives for other slaves. In conclusion, Frederick Douglass, the author of the Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave wrote the memoir with a great amount of historical context and detail. Douglass wrote the memoir, intended for people who have not been subject to the treatment and lives that the slaves encountered. Douglass also intends to have previous and current slaves become the audience of the memoir in order to instil hope and inspiration in them. Lastly, Douglass uses the subject of civil and political rights for the memoir.

Social Class Influence on the Individual - 1527 Words

Social Class Influence on the Individual â€Å"Poor as a church mouse† vs. â€Å"born with a silver spoon in your mouth† are contrasting themes in this book of hardships and life trials. In Great Expectations by Charles Dickens, the main character Pip interacts with characters of various social groups. These groups directly or indirectly, help Pip understand his own opportunities and purpose in life. From these interactions, it becomes clear that social class influences how people interact and view one another as well as their opportunities in life. Some people do not have the same opportunity as others of getting education. This contrast is shown in the life circumstances of two characters of different social classes. Joe (uncle to Pip) had†¦show more content†¦Not only in Pip’s day, but for centuries, people have treated one another according to their wealth. Early in the history of the United States voting rights were limited by gender, race, and wealth. Only white males with property had voting rights. It was said that, â€Å"†¦The American class system has persisted since the nation’s birth. The notion of social equality was so restricted in the late eighteenth century that neither the term nor even the concept of equality appeared in the Constitution or Bill of Rights.†(Martin Jr. and Sullivan). Social class discrimination was a big part of this time period in Great Britain as well. Pip felt this discrimination before he had money and after he lost his money. Today, as in Pips time period, people are categorized into social classes using various criteria. Wealth is just one of the characteristics that influence someone’s placement in a social class. Social class is defined as, â€Å"†¦a group of people who share a common status or position in society. Social classes represent differences in wealth, power, employment, family background, and other qualities.† (Cohen). In the past, wealth was most likely to be the biggest factor for placement in social class. Today other criteria as well would impact social class placement. For Pip, his change of income landed him in various social classes. It is difficult but not impossible to move up in social class. Both Pip and his friend Herbert moved up in social class with the help ofShow MoreRelatedHow Do Members Of The Upper Class Today Modern Western Society Influence The General Population?1275 Words   |  6 Pagesthe upper class in modern Western society influence the general population? Introduction In modern Western societies, the upper class is a social class made up of 1-2 percent of the population that wields the majority of the population’s wealth (Boundless, 2015). It is this 1-2 percent that also has the power to influence the behavior of people in lower social classes, such as the middle and lower class (Boundless, 2015). 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Social structure is more important than social interaction in shaping individual social identity, the reason for this to have more importance in shaping someone’sRead MoreThe Invention Of Everyday Life1056 Words   |  5 Pagesactivities in order to achieve their goals. Felski gives the example of gender in relation to the concept of everyday life. She argues that when considering the term, one might automatically associate it with the life of the stereotypical working class woman, who is expected to aspire to marriage and caring for the household’s upkeep. However, Felski suggests that the underlying connotation with the â€Å"everyday life† is related to men as well as women, as they too must go to work and repeat the trendRead MoreThe Excellent Sheep By William Deresiewicz849 Words   |  4 Pagesfrom Warner is â€Å"every aspect of American thought and action is powerfully influence by social class; to think realistically and act effectively, we [people] must know and understand our status system† (Levine 90). This shows that he relates to Marx as he agrees that both social class plays an important factor in society. The way people think about life and other groups is affected by class. Social class has also taught individ uals how to act, how to dress and talk. Each classes have different expectationsRead MoreSummary : Psych 321 Writing Assignment 1036 Words   |  5 Pagesone’s personality is the culture of the individual, social class family ties and lastly the individual’s peers (Cervone Pervin, 2013). Culture plays a big part on shaping the personality, many of the experiences that occur when being a part of something bigger than yourself following its standards of living and applying the cultures practice to your everyday life. In cultures there are 3 main types of social class high, medium and low. Wherever an individual may fall in those three categories effectsRead MoreOutline and assess the role of the police in the social construction of crime (50 marks)1735 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿Outline and assess the role of the police in the social construction of crime (50 marks) Social construction refers to the way in which crime and deviance in society might be created and shaped by society and social institutions. This can occur in a number of different ways. For example, they can influence public perception and definitions of what establishes crime and deviance, deviants or non-deviants. They can also influence the amount of crime in society by amplifying it therefore clamping

My Opinion On Adolescent Stage And Its Impact And Discuss...

My interviewee, Christian, is a 16-year-old teenager. I chose to interview Christian because he is compassionate and friendly. He seemed like a perfect candidate for this interview. He was born in another state but was raised in Las Vegas. He is currently in school (like most teenagers his age). In this interview, I discuss the adolescent stage and its impact and discuss the interviewee’s life as an adolescent. His answer to the first question was interesting to hear. He answered, ‘’the best time of life, in my opinion, is childhood. I have many good memories when I was a child, and wish that I could relive those moments. You do not have anything to worry about, you just enjoy everything about life.’’ It seems that Christian had a good†¦show more content†¦But as children get older, they don’t spend as much time with their family. There is a conflict between parents and their children as they grow older, and once children enter puberty, they seem to drift apart from family. Adolescents develop a new sense of image; they want to be treated as adults, and their â€Å"new powers of reasoning† (Berk, 2014) influence the way they think. (p.294) Therefore, these developments can create tension in families; it can persist for some time. In addition, the conflict can be more challenging with girls than boys since parents are stricter with girls. May be this is why my interviewee is not as rebellious as other teens. Christian, spends a lot of time with his family, and considers the relationship with his parents, brother, and sister the most important. He described his relationship with his family as ‘’special’’ and believes his family keeps him grounded. He seems to have a good relationship with his parents and siblings, which I think is a good thing. As I mentioned before, having a good relationship with family members can influence adolescents in a positive way. According to Berk (2014), ‘’adults are more effective at decision making.’’ (Berk, 2014, p.308) Effective or good decision making involves several steps: they must figure out the advantages and disadvantages, consider the possibility of other outcomes; determine whether it was the outcome they were looking,

Mother of Invention Free Essays

Introduction It has been said throughout time that, necessity is the mother of invention, but what facilitates necessity in today’s modern society has become a vast gray area. As a society, we are use to, and so dependent on, such modern conveniences, as high-speed internet, cell phones, laptops, tablets, search engines, and GPS, so much so that we would not know how to function without them. The dependence on modern technology is making way for a whole generation that is incapable of doing anything manually and potentially affecting their social skills, as well as making their brains lazy. We will write a custom essay sample on Mother of Invention or any similar topic only for you Order Now Background of the Current Issue/Problem Mary Scorpati, a high school teacher at Kearney High School, states that students in her class are quite computer proficient, but are severely lacking in writing and spelling skills(Schevitz,2012). â€Å"The spelling and writing skills of many of my students are extremely below grade level. Some have rarely used a dictionary and don’t know what guide words are. They have so much knowledge about the computer, and use spell check to correct mistakes. Hand them a cell phone, and they can text message all day long. Give them a calculator and they can figure out any problem, but hand them a pencil and paper and they go blank† (Schevitz, 2012). Benefits of Proposal Students can use search engines, such as Google, to find the right answers to their homework, they can even solve math problems online for free without any effort or thought process. This however is not without consequence. Having the â€Å"instant gratification† effect makes it less likely that a student is going to retain the information, let alone comprehend the importance of the information they were just handed(Schevitz,2012). Solving math problems on line does not teach a student the importance of identifying formulas and order of operations, as well as how to implement them. A study conducted by child development experts at Harvard University, revealed a startling low amount of children that were actually able to perform math functions with paper and pencil. Those numbers compared to those that had full use of the internet varied drastically (Parker-Pope, 2010). The study  showed that student’s math scores fell short when they had to apply math skills manually and were not able to search the internet for the answers (Parker-Pope, 2010). Twenty years ago, when there was a research project assigned, students would go to the library where encyclopedias, dictionaries, and books were utilized to complete the project. This process would take hours, and though it may have seemed tedious compared to today where students have all the information at their fingertips, students were more likely to remember and learn from this form of research. Kristen Combus, a child psychologist at Duke University, stated, â€Å"Our society is changing very fast, however education isn’t changing enough to keep up† She recalled an argument she had with a student about cursive handwriting. â€Å"His handwriting was a mess and I asked him to redo his paragraph. He then responded with â€Å"I have to turn it in typed. Why would I write it neatly in cursive?† (Edutopia, 2008). A survey by the National School Boards Association indicates a very large number of students spending around nine hours a week doing computerized social networking and another 10 hours watching television. Other surveys show a majority of high school students doing an hour or less of written homework a day. ( Oliverira,2012). Implementation of Proposal By implementing some basic practices, and subtle changes to educational standards, we can prove to children that technology is beneficial, but being self-sufficient far outweighs the advantages. Schools can make writing mandatory until sophomore year, implementing typing as a secondary source. Spell check functions should be disabled until the final draft process of research and term papers. The basics need to be taught first before students can learn to appreciate the conveniences of modern technology (Parker-Pope, 2010). Counter Arguments Technology assists our children in obtaining all of these skills. More so today than ever before in history, students have the ability to research any topic. They are not bound by classroom or library walls. Technology has opened doors to a seemingly infinite well of information, which is not always accurate. Therefore, they need to learn how to sift through it all and get the â€Å"good stuff.† This seemingly infinite well of information and current bank of technology has also allowed students to truly invest themselves in their education by developing personal educational plans or studying fields of particular interest to them (Parker-Pope, 2010). When students are actively engaged in their own learning to reach his or her own ultimate potential, everybody wins. As the world continues to embrace and evolve the Internet, businesses and organizations are increasingly looking to tap into this resource. It is in the best interest of educators, and professionals in general, to be aware of what the Internet has to offer. We can choose to sit back and wish it would all just go away because it’s too hard to find the time for it, or we can choose to embrace it, and look for simple ways to learn more about it. Another unavoidable fact is the growing desire for experience and familiarity with the Internet and other computer technologies as a hiring requirement in the educational field. There are undeniable benefits that come with technology, but there are far more disadvantages if a student is unable to realize them (Schevitz, 2012). Conclusion Today, every human activity is dependent upon various tools, machines, and systems, from growing food to providing shelter to communication, healthcare, and entertainment. High-speed internet, cell phones, laptops, tablets, search engines, and GPS make possible things that humans have never been able to do before. This collection of devices, capabilities, and the knowledge that accompanies them is called technology. We can say that â€Å"Living without technology is like living without air† in this technical world of today. Broadly speaking, technology is how people modify the world to suit their own purposes. If students do not comprehend the importance of the basics, then they will never learn to appreciate the importance of technology(Schevitz,2012). How to cite Mother of Invention, Papers Mother of Invention Free Essays It has been said throughout time that, necessity is the mother of invention, but what facilitates necessity in today’s modern society has become a vast gray area. As a society, we are use to, and so dependent on, such modern conveniences, as high-speed internet, cell phones, laptops, tablets, search engines, and GPS, so much so that we would not know how to function without them. The dependence on modern technology is making way for a whole generation that is incapable of doing anything manually and potentially affecting their social skills, as well as making their brains lazy. We will write a custom essay sample on Mother of Invention or any similar topic only for you Order Now Background of the Current Issue/Problem Mary Scorpati, a high school teacher at Kearney High School, states that students in her class are quite computer proficient, but are severely lacking in writing and spelling skills(Schevitz,2012). â€Å"The spelling and writing skills of many of my students are extremely below grade level. Some have rarely used a dictionary and don’t know what guide words are. They have so much knowledge about the computer, and use spell check to correct mistakes. Hand them a cell phone, and they can text message all day long. Give them a calculator and they can figure out any problem, but hand them a pencil and paper and they go blank† (Schevitz, 2012). Benefits of Proposal Students can use search engines, such as Google, to find the right answers to their homework, they can even solve math problems online for free without any effort or thought process. This however is not without consequence. Having the â€Å"instant gratification† effect makes it less likely that a student is going to retain the information, let alone comprehend the importance of the information they were just handed(Schevitz,2012). Solving math problems on line does not teach a student the importance of identifying formulas and order of operations, as well as how to implement them. A study conducted by child development experts at Harvard University, revealed a startling low amount of children that were actually able to perform math functions with paper and pencil. Those numbers compared to those that had full use of the internet varied drastically (Parker-Pope, 2010). The study showed that student’s math scores fell short when they had to apply math skills manually and were not able to search the internet for the answers (Parker-Pope, 2010). Twenty years ago, when there was a research project assigned, students would go to the library where encyclopedias, dictionaries, and books were utilized to complete the project. This process would take hours, and though it may have seemed tedious compared to today where students have all the information at their fingertips, students were more likely to remember and learn from this form of research. Kristen Combus, a child psychologist at Duke University, stated, â€Å"Our society is changing very fast, however education isn’t changing enough to keep up† She recalled an argument she had with a student about cursive handwriting. â€Å"His handwriting was a mess and I asked him to redo his paragraph. He then responded with â€Å"I have to turn it in typed. Why would I write it neatly in cursive? † (Edutopia, 2008). A survey by the National School Boards Association indicates a very large number of students spending around nine hours a week doing computerized social networking and another 10 hours watching television. Other surveys show a majority of high school students doing an hour or less of written homework a day. ( Oliverira,2012). Implementation of Proposal By implementing some basic practices, and subtle changes to educational standards, we can prove to children that technology is beneficial, but being self-sufficient far outweighs the advantages. Schools can make writing mandatory until sophomore year, implementing typing as a secondary source. Spell check functions should be disabled until the final draft process of research and term papers. The basics need to be taught first before students can learn to appreciate the conveniences of modern technology (Parker-Pope, 2010). Counter Arguments Technology assists our children in obtaining all of these skills. More so today than ever before in history, students have the ability to research any topic. They are not bound by classroom or library walls. Technology has opened doors to a seemingly infinite well of information, which is not always accurate. Therefore, they need to learn how to sift through it all and get the â€Å"good stuff. † This seemingly infinite well of information and current bank of technology has also allowed students to truly invest themselves in their education by developing personal educational plans or studying fields of particular interest to them (Parker-Pope, 2010). When students are actively engaged in their own learning to reach his or her own ultimate potential, everybody wins. As the world continues to embrace and evolve the Internet, businesses and organizations are increasingly looking to tap into this resource. It is in the best interest of educators, and professionals in general, to be aware of what the Internet has to offer. We can choose to sit back and wish it would all just go away because it’s too hard to find the time for it, or we can choose to embrace it, and look for simple ways to learn more about it. Another unavoidable fact is the growing desire for experience and familiarity with the Internet and other computer technologies as a hiring requirement in the educational field. There are undeniable benefits that come with technology, but there are far more disadvantages if a student is unable to realize them (Schevitz, 2012). Conclusion Today, every human activity is dependent upon various tools, machines, and systems, from growing food to providing shelter to communication, healthcare, and entertainment. High-speed internet, cell phones, laptops, tablets, search engines, and GPS make possible things that humans have never been able to do before. This collection of devices, capabilities, and the knowledge that accompanies them is called technology. We can say that â€Å"Living without technology is like living without air† in this technical world of today. Broadly speaking, technology is how people modify the world to suit their own purposes. If students do not comprehend the importance of the basics, then they will never learn to appreciate the importance of technology(Schevitz,2012). How to cite Mother of Invention, Papers

Apportionment Damage Contributory Negligence-Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Apportionment Damage Contributory Negligence? Answer: Introducation The law of negligence is applied in the given case which is a part of common law in Australia. Negligence is defined as a persons breach of the duty of care due to which another person faces injury or loss (Steele, 2010). In Donoghue v Stevenson [1932] AC 562 case, Lord Atkin provided the key elements of the law of negligence which include the duty of care, breach of such duty and resulting damages (Cornock, 2011). In Caparo Industries Plc. v Dickman [1990] 2 AC 605 case, Lord Bridge provide the principle of Caparo test which provides three stages for imposing a duty of care which includes reasonable foreseeability, proximity relationship, and reasonable reason to impose a duty of care (Sokol, 2012). In this case, a large number of people visit supermarkets, and it is reasonable to understand that supermarket should continuously clean their floor to ensure that customers are not getting injured by slipping on the floor. Aldi supermarkets have reasonable foreseeability of cleaning the floor; therefore, they have a duty of care towards Tamara. In conclusion, it is reasonable for Aldi Supermarkets to clear their floor to prevent any injury to customers, therefore, they have a duty of care towards Tamara. The issue is whether Aldi Supermarkets breached their duty of care. A breach of duty occurs if a person who has a duty of care towards another individual failed to fulfil the standard which resulted in causing injury to the party. In Mersey Docks and Harbour Board Ltd v Coggins and Griffith (Liverpool) Ltd [1946] 2 All ER 345 HL, the court held that negligence is not performing an action which a reasonable person would have done in similar circumstances. Supermarkets are liable towards their customers security; therefore, it is reasonable to understand that Aldi Supermarkets has a duty to clean the floor in order to avoid any potential injury to consumers and they failed to meet required safety standards. To conclude, Aldi Supermarket failed to meet the standard care since they did not clean the floor which caused injury to Tamara The issue is whether actions of Aldi Supermarket caused injury to Tamara and whether the injury is too remote. The Perre v Apand Pty Ltd [1999] 198 CLR 180 case provided that proximate relationship signifies that actions of the defendant are connected with plaintiff which means plaintiff suffers direct consequences in case defendant failed to fulfill his/her duty of care. In Sutherland Shire Council v Heyman [1985] 157 CLR 424 care, it was held that the damage caused to the plaintiff must directly relate with the breach of the duty of defendant and it did not include threats which are very remote or not predictable (Goudkamp, 2015). Tamara slipped on a puddle of melted ice-cream which was not cleaned by the staff of Aldi Supermarket, and the corporation has a proximity relationship with customers, therefore, the company is liable for the injury. Further, the injury was not too remote because Tamara spends several months recovering and the cost of recovery was high as well. To conclude, the actions of Aldi Supermarket caused injury to Tamara which was not too remote. The issue is whether Aldi Supermarkets can rely on the defence of contributory negligence of Tamara. Under pure contributory negligence, the court completely barred plaintiff from the recovery of damages even if he/she has one percent contribution to the negligence. In Australia, the count did not completely barred the plaintiff; instead, the amount of recovery is reduced to the percent of plaintiffs contribution (Goudkamp and Klar, 2015). The Pennington v Norris [1956] HCA 26 case provides that contributory negligence cause due to plaintiffs actions due which he/she suffered damages. In Australia, the court decides the percentage of plaintiffs contributory negligence and reduces the recovery amount up to such percentage (Stewart and Stuhmcke, 2009). In this case, the day was wet which means Tamaras shoes were wet as well. Tamara was running, and it is reasonable to understand that one person should not run in supermarkets aisle. Aldi Supermarkets also clean their floor every 45 minutes which means that they take appropriate measure for the security of their customers. Therefore, Aldi Supermarkets can use the defence of contributory negligence and the court can reduce the recover amount. To conclude, Aldi Supermarkets can use the defence of contributory negligence. The issue is whether Aldi Supermarket can rely on the voluntary assumption of risk defence. Voluntary assumptions of risk is a defence against tort of negligence based on Latin maxims called Volenti non fit injuria which translate that no harm is done if one volunteer. In White v Blackmore [1972] 3 WLR 296 case, the court held that plaintiff know about the risk, and he accepted it, therefore, he cannot recover damages from the defendant. The three key elements of this defence include voluntary, agreement and knowledge (Harpwood, 2009). Aldi Supermarkets cannot use this defence because there was no agreement (express or implied) available and Tamara was not aware that ice-cream has melted on the floor.To conclude, Aldi Supermarkets cannot use the defence of voluntary assumption of risk because of lack of agreement and knowledge. The issue is whether the principle of causation is applied in this case. Causation is another element of negligence which provides that there must be a legal connection between the action of defendant and negligence. In Chester v Afshar [2004] 3 WLR 927 case, the court held that the doctor is held liable for negligence because he did not provide proper knowledge to his patient which resulted in causing him damages (Reynard and Marsh, 2009). Aldi Supermarket is liable for the security of its customers, and they have to take proper security measure to protect the consumer from any potential harm. Conclusion To conclude, the principle of causation applied in this case because Aldi Supermarket has a proximity relationship with Tamara and it is their legal duty to protect their customers from any potential harm. References Cornock, M. (2011) A legal commentary on negligence.Paediatric nursing,23(1), p.21. Goudkamp, J. and Klar, L. (2015) Apportionment of Damages for Contributory Negligence: The Causal Potency Criterion.Alta. L. Rev.,53, p.849. Goudkamp, J.0 (2015) A Revolution in Duty of Care?. Law Quarterly Review, pp. 519-525. Harpwood, V.H. (2009)Modern Tort Law 7/e. Abingdon: Routledge. Reynard, J. and Marsh, H. (2009) The development of consent from Bolam to Chester: what you need to know and what your patients are entitled to know.BJU international,103(11), pp.1458-1461. Sokol, D.K. (2012) Law, ethics, and the duty of care.BMJ: British Medical Journal (Online),345. Steele, J. (2010)Tort Law: Text, cases, and materials. England: Oxford University Press. Stewart, P.E. and Stuhmcke, A.G. (2009)Australian principles of tort law. NSW: The Federation Press.